Isolates
Most computers, even on mobile platforms, have multi-core CPUs. To take advantage of all those cores, developers traditionally use shared-memory threads running concurrently. However, shared-state concurrency is error prone and can lead to complicated code.
Instead of threads, all Dart code runs inside of isolates. Each isolate has its own memory heap, ensuring that no isolate’s state is accessible from any other isolate.
For more information, see the following:
dart:isolate API reference, including Isolate.spawn() and TransferableTypedData
Background parsing cookbook on the Flutter site